Wednesday, December 25, 2019

ADVANCED MATHEMATICS 1---FORM FIVE ( F 5 )---LINEAR PROGRAMMING--STUDY NOTES--FOR ADVANCED LEVEL SCHOOLS---TANZANIA--( PDF )

ADVANCED MATHEMATICS 1----FORM FIVE ( F 5 )---ALGEBRA---STUDY NOTES--FOR ADVANCED LEVEL SCHOOLS--TANZANIA------ ( PDF )

ADVANCED MATHEMATICS 1---FORM FIVE ( F 5 )--LOGIC--STUDY NOTES--FOR ADVANCED LEVEL SCHOOLS--TANZANIA---- ( PDF )

ADVANCED MATHEMATICS 1---FORM FIVE ( F 5 )---CALCULATING DEVICES---STUDY NOTES---FOR ADVANCED LEVEL SCHOOLS---TANZANIA---- ( PDF )

Monday, December 16, 2019

ADVANCED PHYSICS 2---FORM SIX ( F 6 )---AC THEORY---PART 4---STUDY NOTES---FOR ADVANCED LEVEL SCHOOLS---TANZANIA------ ( PDF )

ADVANCED PHYSICS 2---FORM SIX ( F 6 )---AC THEORY---PART 3---STUDY NOTES--FOR ADVANCED LEVEL SCHOOLS---TANZANIA---- ( PDF )

ADVANCED PHYSICS 2---FORM SIX ( F 6 )--AC THEORY--PART 1--STUDY NOTES----FOR ADVANCED LEVEL SCHOOLS---TANZANIA---( PDF )

ADVANCED PHYSICS 2---FORM SIX ( F 6 )---AC THEORY---PART 5---STUDY NOTES---FOR ADVANCED LEVEL SCHOOLS----TANZANIA---- ( PDF )

Thursday, December 12, 2019

ADVANCED PHTSICS 2--FORM SIX ( F 6 )--ATOMIC PHYSICS---PART 1--STUDY NOTES--FOR AGVANCED LEVEL SCHOOLS---TANZANIA----- ( PDF )

ADVANCED PHYSICS 3--FORM SIX ( F6 )--ATOMIC PHYSICS--PART 2---STUDY NOTES---FOR ADVANCED LEVEL SCHOOLS--TANZANIA------ ( PDF )

ADVANCED PHYSICS 2---FORM SIX ( F 6 )--ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS---PART 2--STUDY NOTES---FOR ADVANCED LEVEL SCHOOLS--TANZANIA--- ( PDF )

ADVANCED PHYSICS 2---FORM SIX ( F 6 )---ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS---PART 1---STUDY NOTES--FOR ADVANCED LEVEL SCHOOLS---TANZANIA---- ( PDF )

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

ADVANCED CHEMISTRY 1--FORM FIVE ( F 5 )--TWO COMPONENTS LIQUID SYSTEM--STUDY NOTES FOR ADVANCED LEVEL SCHOOLS---TANZANIA---- ( PDF )

ADVANCED CHEMISTRY 1--FORM FIVE ( F 5 )---PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY----GASES---STUDY NOTES--FOR ADVANCED LEVEL SCHOOLS---TANZANIA---- ( PDF )

ADVANCED CHEMISTRY 1---FORM FIVE ( F 5 )---THREE COMPONENTS LIQUID SYSTEM----STUDY NOTES----FOR ADVANCED LEVEL SCHOOLS----TANZANIA------- ( PDF )

ADVANCED CHEMISTRY 1--FORM FIVE ( F 5 )---PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY---RELATIVE MOLECULAR MASSES IN SOLUTIONS--STUDY NOTES---FOR ADVANCED LEVEL SCHOOLS---TANZANIA---- ( PDF )

ADVANCED CHEMISTRY 1---FORM FIVE ( F 5 )--PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY---ENERGETICS---STUDY NOTES----FOR ADVANCED LEVEL SCHOOLS---TANZANIA---- ( PDF )

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

ADVANCED GEOGRAPHY 2---FORM SIX ( F 6 )---REGIONAL FOCAL STUDIES---SUSTAINABLE USE OF FORESTRY----STUDY NOTES---TANZANIA--------- ( PDF )

ADVANCED GEOGRAPHY 2---FORM SIX ( F 6 )---REGIONAL FOCAL STUDIES----ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY TOURISM-----STUDY NOTES----TANZANIA------ ( PDF )

ADVANCED GEOGRAPHY 2----FORM SIX ( F 6 )---RIVER BASIN DEVELOPMENT-----STUDY NOTES--------- ( PDF )

ADVANCED GEOGRAPHY 2--FORM SIX ( F 6 )---MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY---STUDY NOTES---TANZANIA------ ( PDF )

Thursday, September 12, 2019

PHYSICS 1 ---FORM FIVE ( F 5 )---HEAT 1 ( PART 1 )----STUDY NOTES------TANZANIA------- ( PDF )

PHYSICS 1--FORM FIVE ( F 5 )----HEAT 1 ( PART 2 )----STUDY NOTES----TANZANIA------------- ( PDF )

PHYSICS 1 ---FORM FIVE ( F 5 )----HEAT 1 ( PART 3 )----STUDY NOTES----TANZANIA------- ( PDF )

PHYSICS 1 : FORM FIVE ( F 5 ) : TOPIC : STATIC ELECTRICITY----STUDY NOTES---- TANZANIA--------------- ( PDF )

PHYSICS 1 : FORM FIVE ( F 5 )----TOPIC : SURFACE TENSION---STUDY NOTES----TANZANIA-------------- ( PDF )

Sunday, August 18, 2019

LUGHA NA UTAMADUNI---NADHARIA YA SAPIR---WHORF


Mnamo karne ya 20 wanaisimu mahiri waitwao Edaward Sapir na Benjamin Whorf walitafiti lugha za Amerindia Amerika kaskazini na kugundua kuwa miundo ya msamiati na ya kisarufi ya lugha hizi haifanani kabisa na ile ya lugha ya kiingereza na lugha nyenginezo za Ulaya na Asia. Hivyo wakapendekeza nadharia isemayo kwamba  Lugha hutawala namna ya wazungumzaji wake waionavyo dunia. Ukichunguza baadhi ya misamiati ya wana lugha fulani utakuta kuwa yapo maneno pekee yanayowakilisha yale wayaonayo mbele ya macho yao au mazingira yao tu na kutokuwepo kwa neno kuna maanisha kwamba jambo hilo halipo ‘machoni’ pao. Sawa na kusema kuwa ‘lisilokuwepo machoni na moyoni halipo’. Nadharia hiyo ya Sapir- Wholf, inayojulikana kama nadharia ya Taathira lugha inaunga mkono mawazo ya awali ya Willian von Humbolt (1767-1835) pale aliposema kuwa ‘lugha ya mtu hutawala mawazo yake’. Si wote wanaokubaliana moja kwa moja na ule mtazamo kuwa lugha hufinyanga uoni wetu wa dunia, wao huchukulia kwamba lugha ‘huakisi’ utamaduni wa wazungumzaji wake. Mjadala huu unaendelea na wanafunzi wana fursa ya kuendelea nao na kuuchambua kwa kufatilia kazi mashuhuri ya hivi karibuni ya George Lakoff na Mark Johnson (1980) iitwayo Metaphors We Live By ambayo ina unga mkono mawazo kuwa lugha hutawala uoni wetu wa mazingira yanayotuzunguuka wanasema kuwa:
Dhana tulizonazo huunda kile tukionacho, kutuzunguuka na kinachotuhusu. Mfumo wa dhana ndiyo muhimili wa jinsi tuionavyo dunia yetu ya kila siku.

Nida ( 1986) anasema kuwa, lugha ni kielelezo cha utamaduni wa wazungumzaji wake na sio muhimili wa uoni wao. Lugha hufuata jamii na wala si kuingoza jamii hiyo (Nida, 1986:11)


Angalia:

  • Lugha ni sauti za nasibu zinazotumiwa na watu katika kuwasiliana miongoni mwao.
  • Jamimi ni kundi la watu wanaoishi pamoja na wenye kuhusiana kijamii, kikazi au kiuchumi na yenye kutumia lugha moja kwa ajili ya mawsiliano yao.

  •  Lugha imefungamana na jamii kiasi kwamba haiwezi kutenganishwa na maisha ya kijamii ya binadamu.
– Isitoshe lugha ni sehemu ya jamii kwani jamii haiwezi kuitumia na kisha kuiacha na kuchukua nyingine.
– Lugha ni kielelezo cha mahusiano ya kijamii yaani hueleza jinsi jamii inavyohusiana na mazingira yao halisi na namna wanajamii wanavyohusiana wenyewe kwa wenyewe.
– Lugha hubadilika  kulingana na mabadiliko ya kijamii. Pamoja na uhusiano huu baina ya jamii na lugha, hakuna uhusiano wa moja kwa moja baina ya lugha na jamii kwa sababu:
i) Lugha sio lazima iwe ya watu wa jamii ile ile. Mathalani Kiswahili sio lugha ya Waswahili peke yao.
ii) Watu wanaoishi katika nchi sio lazima wawe wa asili ya nchi hiyo, kwa hivyo jina la jamii yao haiwezi kuwiana na lugha wanayoongea.
iii) Lugha moja huwa na vilugha kadha ndani mwake, mathalani lugha ya Kiingereza ina viingereza yaani lahaja kadha, mfano: Kiskochi, Kikoknii, Kilancastar n.k.
iv) Kuna jamii yenye jina tofauti na lugha wanayozungumza, mathalani Marekani hawazungumzi Kimarekani bali Kiingereza, Tanzania   kuna Kiswahili na sio Kitanzania

SHAIRI : NAKUENZI KAMBARAGE

SHAIRI : NAKUENZI KAMBARAGE
**********
Siwezi kukukumbuka,
kimya kimya mtukuka,
mwelekezi muafaka,
u wa maana hakika,
ut’endelea tajika,
milele yote milele.
****
Kwa dhati toka moyoni,
ni shahidi Maanani,
Baba ali mhisani,
wa wanyonge niamini,
alikuwa ni makini,
wa haki za binadamu.
****
Nyerere wetu shujaa,
Afrika aliifaa,
wasifa wake wajaa,
yote yote mataifaa,
mengi mema ulifanzaa,
nakuenzi Kambarage.
****
Shukurani Maanani,
kunigea tungo hini,
nikimtaja mwendani,
aliyeko mtimani,
kulla wa bora imani,
amkumbuke Nyerere.
***

Rwaka rwa Kagarama,
Mshairi Mnyarwanda.

USHAIRI--JINSI YAA KUJIBU SWALI LA VITABU ( USHAIRI )----KIDATO CHA 5 & 6 ----------- ( PDF )

Monday, February 4, 2019

OFP 018: DEVELOPMENT STUDIES--LECTURE 4 : CAPITAL LABOUR AND SURPLUS VALUE-----STUDY / LESSON NOTES-------PDF

OFP 018:DEVELOPMENT STUDIES---LECTURE 10: POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AFTER COLONIALISM----STUDY / LESSON NOTES ---------PDF

OFP 018: DEVELOPMENT STUDIES---LECTURE 9 : POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS DURING THE COLONIAL RULE-----STUDY / LESSON NOTES -----------PDF

OFP 018: DEVELOPMENT STUDIES--LECTURE 8 : POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN PRE--COLONIAL AFRICA----STUDY / LESSON NOTES------------PDF

Friday, January 4, 2019

BASIC MATHEMATICS---READINGS----------PDF

ADVANCED MATHEMATICS--CLASSICAL MECHANICS---AN INTRODUCTORY COURSE----STUDY / LESSON NOTES / READINGS-----BY RICHARD FITZPATRICK --------------PDF

ADVANCED MATHEMATICS---MECHANICS---STUDY / LESSON NOTES----Prepared by TENDAYI CHIHAKA ----------PDF

BASIC MATHEMATICS---STUDY / LESSON NOTES--READINGS---Prepared by Prof. JAIRUS. KHALAG----------PDF

INTRODUCTION TO METHODS OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS OR ADVANCED MATHEMATICAL METHODS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS---STUDY / LESSON--NOTES--READINGS-------BY SEAN MAUCH

ADVANCED MATHEMATICS---DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS---STDUY / LESSON NOTES--BY GEORGE L. EKOL ------------PDF